Examining Individuals Motivation in a Business set up - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1320 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? There are misconceptions on the meaning of motivation and the ways in which it influences organisations if at all. Motivation can be seen as the drive an individual has to achieve a set goal; however Laurie J. Mullins (2005) describes motivation as the direction and persistence of action. There has been a wide range of research concerning the topic of motivation; however there are still arguments on the extent to which it has an influence on existing businesses and if so how these businesses can use it to their advantage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining Individuals Motivation in a Business set up" essay for you Create order I am quite intrigued by the idea of motivation, as my main aim at present is to become a Financial Manager. As a result of this main aim I have decided to broaden the ideas I have about individuals thinking and the factors that increase their performance during the course of this assignment for future use. Research and Observation Using books and online case studies I have found that it could be argued that motivation is quite a broad topic as there are many aspects to it; however I find that motivation is as simple as an individuals desire to achieve. Business analysts like Mullins (2007:251) have identified that motivation is not only brought about by the individual but also by the environment in which they are working in. Laurie J Mullins (2005) seems to believe that performance = function (ability * motivation) which seems to suggest that an individuals motivation to achieve is a factor of their performance (for example how well they get the job done). This then brings about the main question, how essential is motivation in a business setup? How can motivation be practised in a given business set up? The Volvo case study (Robbins, Judge, Campbell 2010); Volvo being a car manufacturing business, its goal was to motivate its employees to produce these quality cars which would in turn maximise its profit s. In order to motivate its employees it decided to practice the strategies of a self-managed team, where the team members were responsible for producing the cars and had a supervisor to report to if any problems were to occur. Volvo genuinely believed that this autonomy would motivate employees to would harder, however it all went pear shaped as it turned out that the meetings with supervisors were now get-togethers where the team members criticised each others performances to the supervisor. Having observed this strategy we find that this was not a form of motivation, as the individuals felt they had to work in order to reduce complaints about them to the team supervisors, not because they genuinely wanted to perform better. Many companies like Volvo set out to motivate their employees in various ways (such as the self-managed team), but I believe that the business should then be aware and monitor their strategies to make sure they go according to their plans. The way I see it is that the situation with Volvo may be seen as an ethical issue as the employee stress could have resulted due to the fact that they always had to watch their backs when working (due to the fact that they may have felt that their jobs were not secure). This thereby demonstrates that businesses have identified that their employees need to be motivated in order to perform on the job. This self-management strategy turned out to be a great strategy for the business product line, but the real question is was this strategy an incentive? Linstead, Fullop and Lilly (2004) point out McKenna (1999: 301) states that the topic of motivation has lost its relevance and needs to be replaced with concepts such as sense making, identity and diversity. He seems to believe that motivation is brought about by the individual; organisation intervention suggests that the organisations are influencing or manipulating the situation as we have identified with the Volvo case study. McKenna (1999)s theory bei ng quite an interesting observation one is able to visualise what he was trying to put across (Volvo case study), but does this then mean that motivation can only be brought about by the individual, with it being essential to businesses? There are other researchers such as Roy Jacques (1996:160-1) who believe that, there are categories of workers who do not need motivation, who are more career and professionally oriented. However observing ourselves we find that each individual, not looking at whether they are career oriented or not, has days when they feel down or times when they do not feel like performing. There then has to be an incentive to encourage them to carry out their daily routines, such money or the need to socialise which we know as motivation incentives. Having acknowledged this observation, if an individual needs motivation to carry out their daily routines then we are reluctant to believe that (all the more) they will need them in order to perform at a high stand ard for the business to achieve its goals. Self-Regulation Theory Job Characteristics Theory Goal Setting Theory Reinforcement Theory Expectancy Theory Equity Theory Need Hierarchy Theory Work Motivation Theories Marchese (2003) As identified above, there are quite a number of theories different researchers have come up with, which now shape the way in which many individuals perceive motivation. All the theories above, in one way or another are stating that individuals need to be motivated in order to perform, thereby implying that the more motivated an individual is the higher their performance level will be. One of the well-known theories of motivation being Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs, Maslows theory argues that individuals have a hierarchy of needs, that motivation is attained by satisfying higher order needs, as identified below; Self-esteem Confidence, respect Social Friendship, Family Safety Of health, job security, family Physiological Breathing, food, shelter, water, sleep Self-actualisation Morality, creativityConclusion Siemens is an organisation that has based its motivational theories for employees on Maslows Hierarchy of needs. This was a result of the organisation acknowledging that not only do production levels increase when its employees are motivated but other factors too, such as the fact that employees who are motivated feel that their work is valued, which inspires them to take pride in the tasks they perform. Ultimately Siemens has identified that with as a set of demotivated staff; the organisation loses out on benefitting from factors that revolve around production maximisation. An example is that if staff do not feel valued (an incentive to motivation) then the organisation is more likely to suffer from staff absences or high staff turnover as no individual desires to be in an environment where they feel they are not required. This then brings the topic back to product/profit maximisation; the more absent the employees are the less the organisation w ill produce and the less profit the organisation will make. The higher the employee turnover (job satisfaction is low) a business has the more money it has to spend on recruitment which means the more the business loses money. This altogether brings down the level of efficiency the production level of the business is. Here we have only identified one aspect in which motivation increases performance, there are many more such as the fact that motivated individuals are more willing to work together as they feel they are all working towards the same goal, self-achievement. This is implying that the more employees feel that their needs are being met, the more they are willing to achieve the business needs, thereby stating that motivating employees in turn motivates the business. Work Cited Marchese M.C., 2003. Phycology applied to work; Concept Charts for Study and Review for Muchinskys, 12;24 Linstead S, Fulop L, Lilley S, 2004. Management and Organisation; a critical text, 9; 281-282 Robbins S.P., Judge T.A., Campbell T.T., 2010. Organisational Behaviour, 6;140-195 Mullins L.J., 2005, 2007. Management and Organisational Behaviour, 4; 471-503, 7;250-285 Mckenna E 1994. Business Psychology Organisation Behaviour; a student handbook, 2;63-107 The Siemens Case Study- https://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studymotivation-within-a-creative-environment89-405-2.php#ixzz13WeKNXsZ

Apple Marketing Plan - Individual Essay - 2007 Words

[pic] Principles of Marketing Individual Essay by Segmentation, targeting, differentiation and positioning strategies adopted by Apple for its iPad Rome, November 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Paper examines segmentation-targeting-positioning process on the case of newest mass product of Apple – iPad. It is focused on specific nature of iPAd, segment between established market segments – cell phones of third generation and notebooks/laptops. Further iPad is direct competitor to eBook readers as well as competitor to some of the products from Apple portfolio, like iPods of different kinds. Key words: Apple, iPad, strategy, STP INTRODUCTION This essay giving short overview of STP process and analyze as much as it is†¦show more content†¦Some resources and efforts should be focused on each targeted segment, and mix of tools should be different. (Lehmann, D. and Russell S. 1994) In the case of iPad marginal efforts in targeting of each chosen segments are the key of whole process. Apple continually target own existing and potential customers. In the Casa iPad targeting is investment of extra efforts that are enhanced on the roofs of enormous bran name capital. Therefore targeting is easier, but mistakes are also more dangerous. In the case of, for example iPad failure, company brand losing non-proportional amount of brand equity. Therefore, this situation in Apple is blessing and curse. Most important issue in targeting is magic word HOW. In the case of iPad it is specific mix of promotion, formal and informal in order of attracting the potential buyers. iPad is basically toy, gadget or whatever, friend of PC/Mac rather then device per se. In some extent, it is computer for dummies and Apple invested lot of efforts to change picture of blond buying iPad and using it together with scarves, purses and shoes. Therefore, action had to be directed into the creation of atmosphere of cool product for cool people. iPad is shown as matter of life style, useful supplement, competitor to e-book reader and iPhone. The most challenging task in targeting is estimating of efforts success, bearing in mind that development ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing Is A Major Part Of Business Activity Since The 1960 S1730 Words   |  7 Pages Marketing has become a major part of business activity since the marketing revolution in the 1960’s. Keith (1960, p.35) identified that â€Å"marketing is emerging as the most important single function in business,† around 50 years since its emergence, marketing is now a fundamental function in any businesses operations. While most people believe that marketing is exclusively about promotion and selling, the marketing process entails conducting many more essential functions and activities before theRead MoreApple Inc. 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How Does Atticus Creates an Impact free essay sample

This was greatly influenced by their father, Atticus and the case of Tom Robinson in which Atticus was defending Tom. Atticus was a proud and dignified person in Maycomb. Everyone in Maycomb respects him and he also respects himself. When Atticus was given the case of Tom Robinson, because he always wants to do what he sees as being right, he has to take Tom’s case because he sees this as his duty. Although he knows this case was a lost one because of the racial society he lives in where a white person’s words always triumph over a black person’s words, he still tries his utmost best to defend Tom Robinson. I’ve got to live with myself† is how he explains his determination to Scout. If he didn’t defend Tom, he â€Å"couldn’t hold up his head in town. † Because his would have proved that he was as just as racial as the Maycomb folks. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Atticus Creates an Impact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Atticus was â€Å"the deadest shot in Maycomb County† and he was nicknamed â€Å"One-Shot Finch† but he never boasted about his talent and he certainly disapproves of Scout boasting on his behalf. Despite his many talents, Atticus was a modest man. He never looks down on others despite his achievements, career and education status. He respected people of colour. A perfect example of this was that he lets Calpurnia run his entire household. Atticus was constantly criticized and attacked by members of the community of Maycomb before and during the trial but he does not take advantage of his social standing to retaliate or rebuke them. He remains clam when he was provoked directly. When Bob Ewell spits in Atticus’ face and Bob Ewell said â€Å"Too proud to fight? † Atticus simply replied â€Å"No, too old. He just wipes his face after Bob Ewell was finished swearing at him and walked off calmly. This showed that Atticus has more character than Bob Ewell. After that scenario, Atticus thought that Bob Ewell let all his anger out but this was one of Atticus’ few mistakes of judgement of character where this shows that he was not perfect, he was human. Atticus treats his children as intelligent individuals, where if they ask him a question, he answers in a clear matter – of –fact wa y and he answers his questions directly. A good example of this was where Scout does not want to go to school because she cannot read in school; he clearly explains what it actually is. â€Å"Do you know what a compromise is? † he asked. â€Å"No, an agreement reached by mutual concessions. It works this way,† he said. â€Å"If you’ll concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll go on reading every night just as we always have. † That compromise also shows that Atticus has good parenting skills. Atticus was a very fair person, so in instances of an argument, he listens to both sides of the story and then concludes a verdict. This was told to the reader when Scout was explaining to Uncle Jack why he wasn’t fair in dealing with the situation with Scout and Francis â€Å"Well, in the first place you never stopped to gimme a chance to tell you my side of it—you just lit right into me. When Jem an’ I fuss Atticus doesn’t ever just listen to Jem’s side of it, he hears mine too† Atticus has never beaten his children but he firmly scolds them in certain situations. For example when he makes Jem go and read for Mrs Dubose â€Å"Atticus, she wants me to read to her. Yes sir. She wants me to come every afternoon after school and Saturdays and read to her out loud for two hours. Atticus, do I have to? † â€Å"Certainly,† said Atticus. In conclusion, we all, as readers, see that Atticus has an impact in some way on every person living in Maycomb county either directly or indirectly. Also, we see that Atticus tries his best to grow up his children in the best way possible and answer all their questions when asked instead of just delving into another topic.

Cutting The National Debt Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Cuting The National Debt Essay, Research Paper Cuting the National Debt # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s clip to clean up this mess. # 8221 ; Famous last words heard from the oral cavities of many different politicians when speaking about the national debt and the budget shortage. Our debt is presently $ 4.41 trillion and we have a budget shortage of around $ 300 billion and turning. Our authorities now estimates that by the twelvemonth 2002 the debt will be $ 6.507 Trillion. While our politicians talk of equilibrating the budget, non one of them has proposed a executable program to get down paying down the debt. In the early yearss of our authorities debt was considered to be a last resort. In 1790, when Alexander Hamilton, as secretary of the Treasury, made his first study on the national debt of the United States, he estimated it at near to $ 70 million. After alternately lifting and falling, the debt stood at merely $ 4 million, or 21 cents per capita, in 1840. That was the lowest point of all time reached by the public debt of the U.S. After 1840 it rose to a extremum, in the last twelvemonth of the Civil War, of about $ 2.68 billion and a per capita figure of $ 75.01. The lone justification for debt of any important sum was a war. By 1900 this had been reduced to under $ 1 Billion. By 1919, the terminal of World War I, the debt had climbed to $ 25.5 Billion. In each of the undermentioned old ages the debt was reduced, and by 1930 stood at $ 18.1 Billion. With the prostration of Wall Street in 1929, the state ( debt history: 1850 to 1950 ) fell into the Great Depression, which lasted until 1940. At that clip the debt had climbed to $ 51 Billion. By the terminal of World War II the debt was $ 269 Billion. Again the authorities worked to cut down the debt, and by 1949 it was $ 252.7 Billion. At that point the Korean War started, directing the debt to $ 274 Billion by 1955. Since so, there has been no serious attempt to pay down the debt. The chief point to be made was that on three separate occasions a major debt decrease attempt had been made, but in the past 55 old ages in malice of much arm-waving there have been no similar consequences. The U.S. debt is divided into two major sorts of loans, marketable and nonmarketable. The former provides about 52 per centum of the sum and is made up of measures, notes, and bonds that can be traded ; the latter includes U.S. nest eggs bonds, foreign-government-owned securities, and authorities history securities that are redeemable but non tradable. Adulthood of this debt ranges from less than a twelvemonth to over 20 old ages, with the mean adulthood about 3 old ages. More than half of the debt, nevertheless, is short term, maturating in less than a twelvemonth. A ceiling is placed on U.S. federal debt, and Congress must ordain new statute law to raise the ceiling. Between 1981 and 1990 the ceiling was raised from about $ 1.08 trillion to about $ 4.15 trillion. Unfortunately at the terminal of 1995 we reached the ceiling once more, and Congress refused to raise it. They felt that it had become excessively much, and at that place was a authorities closure for a few yearss in November. Not merely was this an incommodiousness to many people, it besides accounted for an estimated $ 63 million a twenty-four hours in lost productiveness, and about dual that in lost revenue enhancement gross. Due to the menace of this, Clinton has a program to equilibrate the budget by 2005. This program includes a jutting $ 1.1 trillion disbursement cut over the following ten old ages, decelerate the growing of disbursement on Medicare and Medicaid, spare societal and farm plans, near a figure of corporate revenue enhancement loopholes and retain the bundle of middle-class revenue enhancement cuts he proposed before. He besides specified that plans such as Social Security, instruction, and preparation would be immune from such cuts. He did warn though, ? Make no mistake # 8211 ; in other countries, there will be large cuts, and they will ache. This was June of 1995, and at the terminal of Fiscal Year 1996, the national debt growing was $ 80 billion higher than old projections, with a concluding debt addition of $ 331 billion. Where does this money travel? This happens to be the most popular inquiry asked, yet the 1 cipher has a definite reply to. Out of all of the topographic points the authorities spends money, more than 50 % goes to three chief countries: defence, Social Security, and Medicare and Medicaid, all of which combined history for between $ 750 and $ 900 billion per twelvemonth. In the instance of national defence, there are a few different points to be made in justification of these outrageously high Numberss. First, the costs in the 1940s and 50s due to both World War II and the Korean War. Next comes the costs of the War in Vietnam in the mid-1960s and 1970s along with LBJ # 8217 ; s Great Society Programs. This tendency of large disbursement continued on through the until the terminal of the 1980s under Reagan # 8217 ; s Cold War plans. With the Cold War over, and the United States recognized as the universe # 8217 ; s merely world power, the defence budget is now being cut. But despite these cuts, experts estimate that up through the twelvemonth 2005, we will pass at least $ 250 billion a twelvemonth on national defence. Social Security is yet a different narrative. Social Security has become the anchor of the Federal Government. Every politician in Washington knows that Social Security will finally fall, but really few will really suggest a budget that cuts out Social Security wholly. For those who do, any such program is changeable down instantly. Since its construct in the 1950s, Social Security has done nil but grow, and this twelvemonth will be someplace in the vicinity of $ 330 to $ 350 billion. If that # 8217 ; s non plenty, it is projected that by 2005, the plan will balloon to about $ 450 billion. That # 8217 ; s a 28 % addition in less than 10 old ages. Medicare and Medicaid are besides Harijans in the federal budget, although in Clinton # 8217 ; s new program, he plans to cut the growing of both every bit. While exact Numberss aren # 8217 ; t available for Medicaid, Medicare is surging at the same rate as Social Security. Right now, Medicare costs about $ 160 billion. In ten old ages, it will turn at an dismaying rate up to over $ 270 billion. That is a 68 % growing rate. If this tendency continues, Medicare will make $ 500 billion within 25 old ages. That # 8217 ; s a batch of money for wellness attention. As for the remainder of the money, the majority of it goes to plans such as income security, wellness, instruction, and transit among other undertakings. About $ 220 billion goes towards involvement we pay on the debt, and as our national debt keeps lifting so will this figure. If the debt grows to the sum predicted by Leon Panetta, Clinton # 8217 ; s Chief of Staff, $ 6401 billion, or to the size that some economic experts believe, in the surplus of $ 7000 billion, this figure will surge higher and higher each twelvemonth. As the earlier graph pointed out, our national debt is non traveling to lessening by itself. What this state needs is a via media between Congress and the President, no affair which President. Some experts feel that it is necessary that we side with one party or the other ( www.nationaldebt.com ) . Presently we have a Republican Congress and a Democratic President. This International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; T traveling to assist do the state of affairs any easier. As a affair of fact, in recent old ages the step of one-year shortage is determined reciprocally by the sum of money that the authorities can plunder from the Social Security Trust Fund and the Federal Employees # 8217 ; Trust Funds plus 148 other trust financess. It has little or no relationship to the financial direction of the authorities # 8217 ; s functionaries. The more trust fund money they can loot, the less the shortage will be, but the more the debt will increase. The best comparing that can be made to the national debt is an mystery. If the authorities tries to diminish it, person is traveling to be huffy over what plan is being cut. The more the authorities spends, the more people complain that it is passing excessively much. There is no balance, and that is why it makes elected functionaries so indecisive about their positions on the debt, they want to acquire re-elected. One concluding idea, equilibrating the budget will extinguish the shortage, but it will non halt the growing of the debt, and the debt is what we pay involvement on, non the shortage. If there had been no shortage during the 1990 # 8217 ; s, the debt would still hold increased by $ 1 Trillion. Seem chilling? Obviously we demand immediate action, with minimum spat. Plants Consulted Clinton Outlines Plan To Balance Budget By 2005 ; Melissa Healy ; Los Angeles Timess ; June 14 1995 # 8220 ; National Debt # 8221 ; ; Encarta On-Line Encyclopedia 1996 Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cnn.com Http: //www.nationaldebt.com